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Project Brief: 

Redesigning NYU Tandon's 370 Jay St lobby - a UX research project for Ideation & Prototypes class.

Role: UX Researcher / Programmer

Group member: Josh Chen, Joanne Tang, Sina Shi, Liqian Zhang

Timeline: 7 weeks. 
 

 

Research Background

Definition of Sustainability

  • Sustainability is a societal goal that broadly relates to the ability of people to safely co-exist on Earth over a long time.

  • Specific definitions of sustainability are difficult to agree on and have varied in the literature and over time.

  • The LEED (Leadership in Engergy and Environmental Design) standards: save money, improve efficiency, lower carbon emissions and create healthier places for people.

370 Jay Street

Opened in 1951 and was designed to be the a central headquarters of the New York City Board of Transportation Renovated by NYU in 2012 throughout a five-year process involving approvals from the Public Design Commission Officially used as the NYU Tandon School of Engineering Building in 2018 Contains approximately 20,000 square feet of ground floor

Sustainability Measures

  • Installed over 1,000 high efficiency windows with solar shading devices to reduce energy consumption

  • A "dedicated outdoor air" HVAC system with heat recovery to reduce utility usage

  • A lighting system with sensors to adjust the electric lighting levels

  • A massive thermal ice storage system to reduce waste heat

  • Have received multiple design and sustainability awards including the LEED Platinum

How could we increase sustainability in the 370 Jay Street Lobby through community engagement ?

Design Process & Timeline

Secondary Research Analysis

  • "Three design elements helping to improve the sustainability of a structure are (1) renewable energy, (2) sustainable materials, and (3) cogeneration heating systems. "

  • "Most energy production results in greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. Conventional energy consumption also results in resource depletion, as the fossil fuels that the process uses will not be replenished during our lifetimes. "

  • "Creating environmental preconditions to support sustainable behaviour is critical to achieving effective sustainable outcomes and that this can be done through data analysis and spatial mapping that locates human activity in place and culture."

  • “Sustainable design can be more expensive, but this is not always the case. A choice between two materials that have quite different environmental impacts could make no difference to the cost. Sustainable design can even save money, either in the short term, by omitting unnecessary components, or in the long term, by reducing energy bills or maintenance needs.”

Primary Research Analysis (Observation)

  • 5 digital screens

  • 1 greenwall (fake plants)

  • 6 elevators

  • 1 gallery

  • 1 art installation

Primary Research Analysis (Interviews)
​From interviews with students, we found that both found the lobby cold and the only decoration - the digital wall that was just a screen, which is very boring. The lobby would be even more appealing if it included interactive devices (such as motion capture, which changes colors with the seasons and broadcasts useful information)
​Benny told us from the interview that she first thought the lobby was very unsustainable, with many of the devices unknowingly consuming extra energy. Second, there is a lack of effective information guidance in the lobby. Newcomers have no idea what is going on in the building, where the stairs lead, or what each floor represents (although we do have a wall covered in carved answers). In addition, the lobby can be made more comfortable, making it easier for people to enter the building.

Primary Research Analysis (Cultural Probes)
From the Cultural Probes map, we found that many people wanted the lobby to have more NYU elements and to provide more information about the different majors in this building. 

Also, depending on the location people want to transform, they are not satisfied with the current digital wall and the wall behind the elevator. Some suggested that the digital wall could display Tandon's life or add interactivity, while others wanted it to be a community space.

Primary Research Analysis (Survey)

  • 24 students from IDM, CE, MOT & LTXD screened over a week

  • Short stay period and lack of engagement with the building lobby

  • More neutral feelings ("not sure", "normal"), then positive ("clean", "secure", "technology"), and negative ("like a company", "like a hotel")

  • Support sustainability in educational space, but their definitions of sustainability vary (green plants, seats, street lights, etc.)

Design Challenges & Opportunities

Challenge One

Lack of public awareness on NYU Sustainability

Challenge Two

Lack of greens and NYU identity

Challenge Three

Lack of interactive design

Problem Solution / Prototype

Based on the data we got from surveys & interviews, we decided to create multiple digital screens in the lobby space in order to display useful information:
 

  • The screen on the back wall: will be displaying floor plans for each floor

  • The screen on the floor: will be displaying useful data such as train time, and current weather. The screen will also display 370 Jay's student work by submitting, and sustainable prompts such as the "take the stairs" action.

  • The screens on top of the elevator will be displaying digital plants. The plants are interactive. While there are people taking the stairs, it will blossom. *All screen will be powered by 370 Jay's heat waste

屏幕截图_20221213_224742.png

We look for some digital plants. With the help of Ultrasonic Sensor, we create an interactive object by the stairs. When there are people passing the sensor. The flower blossom. Based on the feedback we gained in class, we also added functions to count how many people pass. We've also featured a special prompt. In the video we coded as the passing people can be divided by 3, will show the special prompt. This is just for displaying purposes but in the reality, we think the passing number can be divided by 10 will be a good number.

The team also created some graphics for displaying on the digital screen. We don't want to force or tell people to take the stairs. Because no one will listen. That's why we decide to use graphics and interactive objects to encourage people to take the stairs if they have time. In the future, we are thinking on blend in the NYU logo to improve NYU's identity and it could be a recognized site of 370 Jay. 

Reflection & Conclusion

What did we get?

A deeper understanding of 370 Jay Street building's sustainable design
-Increase public awareness of NYU's sustainability 
-Potential advertisements and education


Aesthetic and representative spot
-Interactive & Playful
-Memorable spot for the students, faculty, and visitors


370 Jay Street building's lobby is just a starting point, we won't stop there
-Use heat waste to offset the electricity for the prototype's installation
-Long-term plan
-Implement the concept of "sustainability" on the whole designs of the building 
-We may partcipate in the NYU 2040 Now Sustainability Initiative

What challenges did we meet?
Changing focus
Shifted from adding actual green plants to having digital green plants combined with data visualization of sustainable facts about the 370 Jay Street building.
 
Lacking resources & materials
-Early stage: map of 370 Jay Street building's lobby
-Middle stage: inspiration of interactive installation
-Later stage: Arduino UNO

Reference
"370 Jay Street", NYU , https://www.nyu.edu/about/university-initiatives/academic-space-projects/370-jay-street.html
"LEED rating system", U.S. Green Building Council, https://www.usgbc.org/leed
"370 Jay Street, New York University", Michell Giurgola, https://www.mitchellgiurgola.com/portfolio/projects/370-jay-street-nyu/
Ramsey, Jeffry . "On Not Defining Sustainability", Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 2015.
Moxon, Sian, and Moxon, Siân. "Sustainability in Interior Design", Laurence King Publishing, 2012.



​Below are the detailed weekly process.

Phase I & II (Week 1) - Mapping & Secondary Research

In this seven-week collaborative project, we will be working on exploring, ideating, and designing interventions for a real-world social phenomenon. Our team decided to examine the sustainability of the 370 Jay Street building as an educational space. We deliberately narrowed our research focus down to its first-floor lobby as we think the lobby represents the public facing of NYU Tandon School of Engineering to its visitors. Besides, it is a place where different groups of stakeholders would have overlapping activities and interactions.

PHASE I& II

Background

The 370 Jay Street building was first opened in 1951 and was designed to be the central headquarters of the New York City Board of Transportation (now the Metropolitan Transit Authority). The building was abandoned in 1990 and later renovated by NYU in 2012 into an innovation hub for students and faculty in engineering, applied science, urban science, digital technology, and digital media arts with the formal merger of Polytechnic and NYU in 2014.

The first floor of the building consists of approximately 20,000 square feet of space along Jay Street and adjacent to the improved North and South Plaza entryways. 

By employing the following strategies, 370 Jay Street has become a LEED Platinum Certified (Core & Shell) building, only one of four such buildings in New York City. The building was also a recipient of the 2019 AIANY Honor Award for Sustainability.
At 370 Jay street, a multi-pronged strategy will massively reduce the building's historical energy footprint, in turn reducing the demands that the building will place on the local utilities grids (source consumption) and lowering emissions.
A one-megawatt Microturbine will behave as a local high-efficiency/low-waste source of electricity, similar to a cogeneration plant, and allow new facilities to come online within the building without adding strain to the city’s grid. This microturbine's waste heat energy will be re-captured and recycled within the building to supplement the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system.
The limestone and steel façade will be restored rather than replaced – thereby reducing the amount of waste that would be sent to a landfill by approximately 4,000 cubic yards (that equals approximately 133 30-yard dumpsters). Additionally, NYU will install over 1,000 high efficiency windows with solar shading devices in order to reduce the reliance on air conditioning and to reduce energy consumption.
Annual utility usage will be cut by more than 37% thanks to a "dedicated outdoor air" HVAC system with heat recovery, a Microturbine that generates electricity on site, and advanced metering and control system.
The building lighting system will utilize daylight harvesting. Sensors within the lighting system will read the amount of natural light coming into a space and will automatically dim down the electric lighting levels in response to how much natural lighting is coming into the building.
Additionally, the HVAC system will be supplemented by a massive thermal ice storage system. This system will allow the University to use electricity during non-peak energy usage times to create ice, which will then be melted by the waste heat generated during the air conditioning cycle during peak energy usage times. This cycle of creating ice using low cost energy and passively melting it during peak electric usage times will be carried out in cycles every day. This enables the University to reduce the waste heat dispelled out of the building during normal use and alleviates some of the pressure on the local electric utility as we reduce our need for electricity during peak usage times.
Green roofing and reflective rooftop surfaces will reduce the heat island effect.

 

Mapping Process:

After identifying the topic and research space, our team tried to map out and model what we have known about the building and its sustainability measures. We created a concept map in class with pen and paper and identified a few concepts in our research and some possible research questions for us to work on in the next steps.

Concept Mapping of the 370 Jay Street lobby

We first identified the space we are focusing on and the community we thought would be related to the 370 Jay building. Then we started mapping out some interesting challenges and opportunities for our research. A few of us were already aware of some of the NYU sustainability projects, however, we weren't sure about what sustainable measures NYU implemented in the 370 Jay Street lobby as most of them remained unnoticeable. All of our team members also agreed that the facade and interior design of the lobby was empty and lacked community engagement with the architectural materials and cold concrete color palettes. We also quickly came to realize that even though we passed by the lobby almost every day, we had no ideas about how many digital screens there are and what facilities are available.

Therefore, we decided to set our goal as improving the sustainability of the 370 Jay Street lobby by increasing people’s awareness of the building design and by strengthening the bonding between the building and its community with the NYU Vibe or Tandon Vibe. We later came up with a NYU branded physical prototype with a digital display and sensor to randomly display some “fun facts” about the building’s emission or other sustainability-related data to its community while possibly increasing the mental wellness of its stakeholders. We later transformed the map into a digital map on Figma.

Concept Map in Figma

After identifying the concept map for this topic, our team has come up with our first research question: how could we increase the community’s awareness of the sustainability design in the NYU 370 Jay Street building lobby?

Mind Map of our research process on Figma

Next, we moved on to developing a digital mind map in Figma to further explore our research in 370 Jay Street’s lobby. We noticed some interesting findings that we did not know about the building and some other existing projects that involve sustainable architectures through secondary research.

Liqian:
In my research, I looked into some psychological theory of Interior Design, some inspiration images, and Human-centered interior design.

According to The Psychology of Interior Design, “Stewart said we share 98 percent of our DNA with chimpanzees. If zoologists, who design habitat for chimps, were to design habitat for us, what would it look like? “A zoologist would design a place that reinforces our natural patterns and reduces stressors.” In nature, humans are used to short bursts of stress — say, running from a lion — but not the “low-level constant stress we find in modern life.” The modern world sets off stressors more frequently, which wear down our immune systems. “Stress is directly linked to all the diseases we face” so all buildings and landscapes must work to reduce this for everyone’s well-being and to control healthcare costs.”

Besides using cold concrete color palettes, lobby should adapt more natural elements natural elements in order to reduce anxious, and make people feel healthier and happier. As Human-Centered Design Guidelines indicates, the first priority is always basic human needs. We must consider what elements would make people feel comfortable in the lobby area.

Lobby inspiration — Liander Lobby, Duiven, Netherlands

Green wall in BC, Canada

Josh:
​First, I looked into the importance of lobby for a company/building and the benefits of plants in interior design. Then, in terms of interior sustainability development, I did further research with living green walls as the core, and found two practical cases and the biophilic design concept used in them. Finally, I investigated the green situation of NYU and learned about the eco-friendly features of jay street building.

Joanne:
In my research, I focused on two questions — what are the dimensions of sustainability in architecture and what is the leading edge of the technical side of the sustainable world right now? The concept of sustainable architecture has been evolving and the most commonly shared standard or definition of sustainability in architecture would be the LEED, the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, a green building certification program used worldwide founded in 1998. The interesting fact we did not know about sustainable space is that it should not only address environmental issues like climate change but also create a healthier place for people and support more equitable communities.

More and more architects are integrating sustainability in their designs for space and one commonality among their perspectives on sustainability is to renovate existing buildings instead of demolition, which may create more construction waste. However, I could not find much research about the general public’s opinions about sustainable architectures. Is the concept of sustainable space worth noting for the stakeholders related to it? I wonder if our team could find out more information about this in the next step or maybe collect data from our future primary research.

Xinran:
The research I have done mainly focuses on the topics of my other three team members and makes some extensions. I found some academic resources, which include the aspects that the other three team members want to focus on. For example, “Just Green Environment: Urban Development and Environmental Transformation” and “Green Up!: sustainable design Solutions for Health Work and Living Environments” conform to the sustainable design of healthcare facilities, offices, lobbies, retail space, and other internal space that Josh and Liqian want to express; “Sustainability in Interior Design” conforms to the concepts of Joanne and Liqian in energy and architecture; “Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction” conforms to Joanne and Josh’s ideas on engineering design and construction industry.

In addition, as a part of our initial research on the topic, we also identified a few key stakeholders of the 370 Jay Street lobby, which includes students, faculty, staff, visitors, alumni, and future students of the NYU Tandon School. We mapped out their relationships with each other and in the next step, we will try to identify who those stakeholders would be in real life.

Stakeholder Map on paper

The hand-sketched stakeholder map on the paper gives me a general framework for interviews and research objects. In combination with this week’s video “The Importance of People”, I have new inspirations, so I mixed up the target objects in Figma and regrouped them. I mainly divided them into three categories: students, visitors, and supporting staff. Then I subdivided these three categories and listed the personnel related to this category. I use arrows to express subordination, and use sticky notes of the same color to express juxtaposition.

Stakeholder map on Figma

Based on the information on the mind map, I created a digital stakeholder map in Figma. I replaced the keywords of central idea with community, marked the categories at the overlapping area of each group of circles, and marked them with purple. To make the visual sense more interesting, rich, and intuitive, I found the icon of each category and placed the picture above the group.

Conclusion & Reflection
Overall, our team’s research findings have confirmed our hypothesis that NYU has developed many strategies to improve its building sustainability including the lobby at 370 Jay Street. We also found out many existing projects on increasing space sustainability in different aspects through secondary research. In the next phase of this project, we will be conducting more secondary research and possibly primary research to collect more data to examine our current research question. In addition, our team would start to ideate for physical prototypes of possible devices to support our research.

After this part of the project, we have come to the realization that sustainability in architecture requires more than just a green wall. Out of the many dimensions of a sustainable space, we are really interested in knowing more about the connection between the space itself and human interactions within. Can a sustainable space provoke more interactions and sustainable thinking to its stakeholders, or vice versa? We look forward to exploring more on this topic in the next phase of our project.

References

370 Jay Street
https://www.nyu.edu/about/university-initiatives/academic-space-projects/370-jay-street.html

Designing for the Wellbeing of People & Planet, Oliver Heath Design

https://www.oliverheath.com/

Introducing SemperGreenwall, SemperGreenwall
https://sempergreenwall.com/

Just Green Enough : Urban Development and Environmental Gentrification:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/reader.action?docID=5185409

Sustainability in Interior Design:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/reader.action?docID=1876118

Green Up! : Sustainable Design Solutions for Healthier Work and Living Environments:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/reader.action?docID=5897414

The Psychology of Interior Design
https://dirt.asla.org/2012/05/18/the-psychology-of-interior-design/

Chapter 10. Human-Centered Design Guidelines
https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-spaces/chapter-10-human-centered-design-guidelines

 

PHASE III

Phase III (Week 2) - Primary Research

After developing the concept and stakeholder map and conducting an initial secondary research, our team has decided to continue to examine the sustainability in the 370 Jay Street lobby and further collect information on our research question, which is how could we increase the community’s awareness of the sustainability design in the NYU 370 Jay Street building lobby?

Our team has identified this week the stakeholders of the space we are researching and have developed different primary research methods according to our stakeholders, which include observation, survey, interviews and usability testing. We have developed a research plan and prepared the materials such as interview questions we need for different stakeholders.

 

Primary research methods we identified for different stakeholders

I. Observation Research (Josh, Joanne, Liqian, Xinran) & Findings
We conducted observation research and a field study during class on Tuesday, 11/15/22. We focused on two questions: how many stakeholders usually are in the 370 lobby and how much time they usually spend making interactions at the lobby. Throughout our research, we applied the AEIOU Observation Framework, a heuristic framework commonly used for ethnographic observations to categorize the data we recorded on paper.

Lobby Observation Research Recorded on Paper

We first recorded the time when the research took place and identified the facilities at the 370 lobby including the amount of digital screens at the mounting wall, the green wall, the elevators and other interactable objects. We later divided the data we observed at the lobby into activities, environments, interactions and users, and re-organized them in Figma.

Observation Research in Figma

According to our research findings, there are a lot of students entering and exiting the lobby within a short period of time, and the majority of them did not stop and interact with any other objects at the lobby besides essential objects like the elevators and the security turnstiles. Only 3 out of 56 students that we recorded used the staircases at the lobby to get to the second floor. Even though they passed by the wall with multiple digital screens, they did not pay any attention to the wall nor the screen content.

II. Survey (Link to the survey HERE)

Our team has developed a list of survey questions on Google Form for students from different majors and are attending classes in the 370 Jay Street building. In this method, we experimented with collecting self-reported information from students and alumni. Each member of our team contributed some questions to the survey, and together we organized the layout of the questionnaire to make it flow well.

In this survey, we first focused on the students’ perspectives on sustainability in general and sustainable measures in the 370 lobby later on. We are interested in finding out how the students feel about the space and what kind of interactions they would like to have within it. As we discovered from our secondary research, mental wellness and the connection between space and the human living within is a critical part of a sustainable strategy. Therefore, our team looks forward to collecting more information about how we could increase the bonding between the 370 lobby and its community through this research method. This survey will be distributed next week and we will start to collect and analyze data a week after.

III. Interviews
In our stakeholder analysis, we identified three community members who may have more interactions with and knowledge in the 370 lobby and the building itself in general and created three sets of interview questions for each individual. Our team members will pair up in two to interview in person or on Zoom for one stakeholder, record the interview and later create a written transcript for each interviewee.

First, we plan to interview Professor Piantella, who is sitting at the Space Committee at the 370 Jay Street building. We developed 11 questions to collect her perspectives on the 370 lobby and what sustainable measures could be taken to improve its environment. The interview questions are listed HERE. We have also received comments from Professor Piantella about the interview questions and we will revise the questions accordingly and start interviewing next week.

Second, a few members from our team attended the Sustainability Town Hall meeting on 11/16/22 on Zoom and Liqian took notes of several plans and actions the NYU is trying to take in the next few years to increase sustainability, such as the 2040 initiative for the NYU to become climate neutral by the year 2040. We are planning to invite the NYU Chief Sustainability Officer, Cecil Scheib for a short interview as a part of our research. We are still developing the interview questions for Cecil in our document HERE.

Screenshot of a presentation slide from the Sustainability Town Hall meeting

Lastly, we also identified the security guard at the 370 Jay Street building as one of the stakeholders in our research as they spend more time than anyone else overseeing and interacting with the 370 lobby space. We have come up with a set of interview questions for them HERE. Next week, our team will try to identify one of the security guards and invite him or her for an interview.

IV. Usability Testing / Prototyping
In addition to the research methods above, our team has also come up with a number of quick ideas on design interventions and started prototyping it through sketching. After conducting the observation, we began to ideate for possible improvements that could be made on the mounting wall with multiple digital screens. Each member of our team has contributed some ideas about how the prototype would look through a mood board and Josh has developed a sketch of the prototype for us to generate more information from our stakeholders.

Mood board for prototype brainstorming

The sketch of one potential prototype

Finally, our team has hand-drawn a floor map for the 370 lobby as a future reference for our research space. We are also planning to incorporate it into our primary research.
 

Floor map of the 370 Jay Street lobby

Reflection
As we learned from our readings and lectures this week, we would expect to have different versions of the prototype to gather information about our research question. There are many elements in this prototype that we may improve. For example, we are still brainstorming for the potential content we should display with the existing digital screens rather than creating new projection of content, which may lead to excessive use of electricity and contradict our original research intention. We have also exchanged ideas about the digital software we are good at so that we could develop a physical prototype that is innovative as well as practical at the end.

Our plan for next week is to finalize our interview questions and begin to distribute surveys to other students to collect data for our research. In the meantime, our team is also exploring other primary research methods such as cultural probes and we are planning to create research materials incorporating the floor map of the 370 lobby.We may also conduct more observation research to collect more information. We look forward to seeing the results of our primary research and generating more prototyping ideas around it.

PHASE IV

Phase IV (Week 3) — Ideating, Prototyping & Playtesting

During the Ideation class this week, our team shared our research topic and conducted a playtesting activity using the cultural probes research method with other IDM students in the class. We have received many valuable feedback about our research topic and space.

Feedback we collected from the in-class playtesting

Playtesting, Cultural Probes and Usability Testing
From the in-class playtesting, our team applied the cultural probes method using the floor map of the 370 Jay building lobby. We asked the participants to put stickers of green plants on any locations of the map where they thought green plants should be added in the actual lobby. We also provided stick-it-notes and pens for participants to add anything other than plants that they thought should be displayed in the lobby. We have received 10 responses (9 students and 1 faculty member) in total from our participants.

During the conversations we had with the participants from the playtest, we first found that all participants were not satisfied with the appearance of the lobby. In the first place, the lobby was considered by all to be too monotonous and cold, like the entrance to an ordinary building. Many of them agreed that they couldn’t feel any connection to NYU Tandon nor the building itself. Second, while there are digital screens, a green wall and other decorations in the current environment, many participants suggested that they look inconspicuous and the lobby lacks effective messaging about its sustainability and humanity. Most importantly, some participants thought that having more green plants might add more burdens to the current building instead of making it more sustainable as they may lead to more energy waste and labor work.

During the playtest, we also emphasized that the 370 Jay Street building itself actually saves us energy in many ways, though it’s hard to see. All 10 participants expressed their interests in our intervention about having some data visualizations displayed in the lobby to show the building’s sustainability as we felt that people as users should be aware of its contribution and the data visualization could expand the scope of energy conservation for our peers as well as the environment.

In addition, we have also received a lot of feedback about our initial prototype of the digital wall decorated by green plants and NYU signages as a part of our playtest. 7 out of 10 participants suggested that they would rather have the greens and data about NYU’s sustainable measures on the wall next to the elevators as it is more noticeable. Three participants described that the digital wall is usually not within their field of view on their way entering or exiting the building, which suggests that redesigning the digital wall may be meaningless. One participant also mentioned that the digital wall is facing the street with glass windows in between, which may turn away some users from interacting with the digital wall.

Interviews and Surveys
In addition to the in-class playtest, our team has also conducted interviews with two students and one faculty member who is studying and teaching at the 370 Jay Street building about their opinions on the lobby. We have created separate audio recordings for each interviewee. Our interviews with students were conducted in Chinese, and therefore we decided to take notes during the interview and summarized their perspectives later in English. We have also later transcribed our interview with Professor Piantella. The recordings and documents can be found HERE. All the interview key points have been summarized in Figma.

Interview key points in Figma

We have also sent out an email invitation to Cecil Scheib, the chief of NYU Sustainability Committee about the school’s plan to promote sustainability in the 370 Jay Street building and are currently waiting for his response. Besides, we have finalized our survey questions and sent out the survey to students and visitors who may have interacted with the 370 Jay lobby. We have received about 20 responses so far, and we plan to synthesize all the data we have collected next week when we think we have received enough responses.

Iterations and Reflections
These sincere responses we have received so far have led us to rethink our approach and our understanding of sustainability and the focus of our design intervention to our research question, which is sustainability should not be superficially confined to plants, the environment. In a way, the inadvertent addition of greenery to space is putting the cart before the horse, ignoring the cost of the human resources behind it. It is not energy efficient. Sustainability should not be a binary concept, it can be a multi-party effort and impact.

Up to now, we gathered some feedback that can help us choose a clear direction. We developed three concepts with sketches listed below: an example of data visualization of the sustainability measures applied in the 370 Jay Street building, data visualization rendering, and digital plants. Then we selected one final direction to pursue further in our research and through more prototyping: combining the data visualization of sustainability measurement and rendering the data visualization.

Therefore, our team shifted the focus of our design intervention from adding actual green plants to having digital green plants combined with data visualization of sustainable facts about the 370 Jay Street building. We also plan to develop a prototype with the building’s information displayed around the lobby to increase the bonding between the building and its stakeholders. We will also consider having more signages around the lobby such as “please take the staircases instead of elevators” to encourage more sustainable gestures by the users of this building. Our proposal wishes to enhance the expression of the sustainable elements in the lobby and thereby provoke more proactive environmental friendly gestures from the building’s users in return. We see digital arts and digital interaction as a great way to showcase the creativity and humanity of technology, and we hope it will provide not only resourceful information about the building but also some visual entertainment to enrich the energy and atmosphere of the lobby.

Example of data visualization of the Sustainability Measures that have been applied in the 370 Jay Street building

Rendering of data visualization in the 370 Jay lobby

Rendering of digital plants at the lobby

PHASE V

Phase V (Week 4) — Analyzing findings & Synthesizing Insights

Review and Goals
Last week, we completed all the interviews and surveys, and simply summarized and analyzed the data results. At the same time, we designed multiple graphic design drawings to visually display the prototype effect we want to achieve. Finally, we decided to combine the design of data visualization of sustainability measurement with rendering the data visualization to make our final prototype.

This week, our focus is to design the prototype for the final presentation. Our prototype is implemented by integrating multiple functions in all early concepts, and focuses on the development and improvement of those functions. In the future, we will review the existing prototype and make minor adjustments to maximize its design at the current limited time and conditions.

Preparations
We made further systematic statistics on the interviews and surveys we did last week, specifically by making an Excel form to more clearly present the responses of all participants in the survey, and creating affinity diagrams in Figma to record and classify the most popular answers and questions. Then each group member writes a reflection on the interview by analyzing and elaborating on one specific certain point.

Excel form
We used different colors to mark the key answers in the excel form, and used the contrast color to mark the different answers in every single question.

For example, when asking the investigators how long they usually stayed in the 370 jay street building hall, we used bright yellow to mark the answers of most users: 1 to 5 minutes, and a small number of different answers were marked with yellow’s contrasting color, light blue: 5–10 minutes; When asking the investigators whether they support a more sustainable design in the educational place, we marked the answers of most users in red: totally supportive, and a few in gray: don’t care.

Excel Form shows the sustainability survey results (1)

Excel Form shows the sustainability survey results (2)

The detailed form can be read HERE.

Affinity Diagram for survey
After making the excel form, we drew the affinity diagram in Figma and recorded the key points and questions answered and participated by most people.
 

Affinity Diagram for Survey

For instance, according to the results, 16 interviewers are majoring in IDM. The question with the most consistent answer is: how much time do you usually spend at 370 Jay Street lobby every time you pass by?

In addition, we recorded some key answers during the interview in the “sustainability” section. We can use solar energy to save energy for environmental protection, add some souvenir shops, and add provide more seats in the lobby for people to rest, especially the soft sofa, which can provide a comfortable and soft feeling for both the visitors, the students and the faculty, just like how they stay at home.

Reflection Diagram
After completing the basic data statistics and information integration, we began to do reflections. Each member expanded and extended a point in the interview and survey, and made some summaries. The purpose of writing reflection is to integrate the views of different people, and finally ensure that we can meet the goals we want to achieve when we do our prototype. Finally, we propose four key directions: public awareness, building information, interactive objects, and representative spot.

Reflection Diagram on Figma

Inspiration
Last week, we confirmed to change the focus of our design and decided to replace the idea of placing real plants in the building with digital visualization of green plants while displaying some sustainable information about the floors. Combined with the keywords we extracted in reflection, we decided to look more aesthetic design for inspiration stimulation.

We listened to the opinions of interviewer Ding and visited the ITP professional corridor on the fourth floor of the 370 jay street building. There are some very creative interactive devices. There is a computer on the desk in the corridor, which is programmed by p5js. There are also some digital screens and monitoring headphones on the wall in the corridor. The looping videos are played on the TV, and a small information board is on the right side of the screen.

Digital screens and heaphones displayed on the ITP’s board

An infrared interactive device locates in the middle of the corridor. When someone stands in front of the infrared detector, the device will simply interact with the user after receiving the induction, such as waving and swinging in front of the device, and the wooden cards on the installation will move in the same direction with the motion amplitude.

Digital screens and heaphones displayed on the ITP’s board

Some students’ works are exhibited as well. We noticed an interesting light switch device. When the user rotates the wooden handle under the lamp, the lamp will light up because of the movement, and when the action stops, the lamp will be turned off. This device is very consistent with one of the concepts of sustainability: energy saving.

Sustainable lamp

Besides that, we also went to see an art exhibition, Monet’s Garden: The Immersive Experience. This art exhibition has a lot of interactive installations. To be specific, standing in front of the screen device with Monet's painting as the background, the pattern on the screen will be distorted, moved, and rotated according to the gravity induction. 

Interactive installation

Another example is that two people stand in front of the screen at the same time and hug each other, and fireworks will explode in the middle of the screen. 

When two people stand in front of the installation

When two people hug in front of the installation

In addition, some wonderful immersive experiences have also deeply affected us, such as high-definition projection surrounded by multiple faces, and projection imaging by scanning our hand-painted water lily. These interactive design devices with the excellent effect but simple principles deeply attracted us, so we also had ideas about the specific operation of the prototype.
 

Hand-painted water lily

Projected water lily

Action
After getting a lot of inspiration, we held a group meeting, and finally, we decided to realize the prototype design in two ways: projection and inductive interaction. Specifically, we will project the plant and bouquet on the stairs located at the east of the lobby, and project the floor information on the white wall at the back of the elevator entrance. 

Because the stairs on the east side are often ignored by people, we decided not to neglect this design. We made some flower gif images and plan to project an animation video on the stairs. When there is no one standing on the stairs, the projection on the stairs will display some words to remind people to walk up the stairs. When people walk up the stairs, the infrared sensing device installed near the stairs will start to work. Then, the projection image on the stairs will change, forming a dynamic image of some digital plants and accompanied by some information or slogans related to sustainability.

 

When no one pass to take the stairs

When someone pass to take the stairs

Similarly, we will organize and collect the information on each floor of the 370 Jay street building and make a visual projection effect on the white wall at the elevator entrance. When gravity sensing or infrared sensing starts, specific information about the floor and some interesting effects will be displayed on the white wall.

Our group borrowed an Arduino UNO board from Professor Piantella. By combining the knowledge we learned in the IDM compulsory course creative coding, we wrote the code running program and preliminarily realized the projection animation effect we want to achieve on the stairs. The video that shows how the screen looks like can be seen HERE.

Using Arduino & ultrasonic sensor to detect

We have made several changes to the programming content. We have made some adjustments in the selection, color, and number of bouquets, from the first use of a single flower type to the later use of multiple flower types. In addition, we also made some adjustments to the text on the video. We edited it according to Neil Armstrong’s fax line “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for a man.” Finally, we adjusted the text to “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for the Earth.”

First sketch of the programming showing

When detect someone pass

Special prompt/fun fact display when the pass number can divided by 10

Reflection and Development
So far, our team has preliminarily completed the prototype of UX research. We plan to make more iterations and adjustments to our prototype further and field test the shooting effect video.

Prototype Information listed in Figma

Based on the information on each floor of the 370 jay street building collected so far, we will further screen and rearrange the layout, and then present the floor information on the white wall at the elevator entrance in the form of a “map”. We currently finished the draft of our presentation slides, and more detailed information can be found HERE.

In addition, the stair induction flowering device that we have preliminarily completed is a device that needs electricity, but we plan to use the heat waste of 370 Jay Street Building to offset the electricity of that device needs. In this way, it is consistent with our research theme “sustainable”. Our emphasis on sustainability is humanization. While promoting environmental protection and saving resources and energy, we also hope that the interactive design device we make can give users a comfortable and pleasant feeling.

 

Phase VI (Week 5) - Editing & Showcasing

Improvement 
​Based on this week's presentation in class, we first found that everyone loved our rendering and ideas. Then some students suggested that we could combine vibrant flowers with emotions or different aspects that could make the whole experience more meaningful. Therefore, we enrich its content by adding encouraging hints and sustainable information to the original prototype.

Preparing & Outcome 
​For our final presentation, we wanted it to be a video presentation, so we used the Wizard of Oz approach to bring the idea to life. During filming, we first borrowed a projector from IDM's equipment room, and then we went to the lobby stairway to shoot. We found that the number of ports in the lobby was very small, and the only few ports were occupied by the digital wall. And the desk across the wall has no port, which may be one reason people do not want to hang out in the lobby. During filming, we experimented with different projection methods to project visual content onto the stairs, ceilings, and walls. Ultimately, we found that all these different attempts had good results. So, in the final presentation, we immersed it all in video.

Reflection
As the project draws to a close, looking back on the entire journey, our ideas have undergone tremendous iteration and metamorphosis. First of all, we think the most important thing we've learned is my understanding of sustainability. In the beginning, we only superficially stayed on the level of greenery and environment, and changed the dynamic of the lobby through "visual guidance". Meredith's question in the first class presentation gave us a lot of inspiration, "why adding more plants to the space is sustainable?" We recognize that there are many invisible energy costs behind green plants, such as human resources and water resources, that imperceptibly place an additional energy burden on the entire space, which is, in a way, the opposite of sustainability. In our interview with Professor Piantella, it became more clear to us that many people over-embellish this concept. It's actually perpetrating a model of living that is not sustainable. It's actually perpetrating a model of living that is not sustainable. So we refined our thinking and jumped out of the stereotypical rabbit hole.

Second, we recognize the importance of user surveys and surveys to evaluate and improve the solution. At first, we focused our attention on the digital wall of the lobby from a preconceived perspective. While the digital wall is certainly a place that deserves a makeover, we have neglected to consider people's behavioral states and consciousnesses. In the interviews and interviews with students, we found that due to the structure and location of the space, people rarely pay attention to the content on the digital wall, and at most they only glance at it. And, most people only enter buildings for a short time and have time to linger when they leave. Therefore, adding some interaction in the outgoing way will attract more attention. And everyone agrees that the lobby lacks the NYU element, like a regular building. People were more interested in transforming the ambience of the lobby than in adding sustainable design. Based on the different feedback, we began to explore sustainability at a more specific level. After several group meetings, we decided to explore sustainable expression under humanistic care. We have found that the feature of the 370 jay building is the sustainable use of energy. As the owners of the building, we believe that people should be aware of this information. In addition, people are also very interested in the sustainability information of the building in the reply of the survey. Most of the majors in this building are related to technology, so we wanted to use interactive media to show the warmth and creativity of technology and to make people more aware of the environment. In the final solution, we didn't do too much visual guidance because we didn't want to force people to experience, passively accept. We are just offering you an alternative. If it gives you a good experience or feedback, saying nothing can subtly change your thoughts and behavior in some way, maybe the next time you're standing in an elevator, do you suddenly think, "Can I take the stairs?"

​In the end, we really enjoyed exploring different materials. At first our ideas were limited to the use of composite pictures to show our transformations of a wall, but as we went on deeper we decided to use the knowledge we had learned to vividly restore and present our ideas. In another class, our group members found that the projector worked well for visual presentation, so we decided to incorporate interaction into the staircase, which also met our expectations. Depending on which sensor we are using, we add real-time data visualization to the rendering.

The biggest difficulty throughout the project was how to make sustainable information accessible to people independently, and to break away from the stereotype of sustainability. We do not want information to simply scroll across the big screen, which will have no effect. Based on the survey, we found the behavior of taking the stairs. This is an "environmentally friendly" option in itself, so we thought we could encourage people to adopt a new way of travel while introducing relevant knowledge to complement each other. But in designing the whole experience, we've been very careful to make sure that we're not judging or negating your choices, what we're doing is just telling you, there's a new experience here that's going to help you and me and the environment, do you want to try it, that's all.

As for the failure, it is a pity that due to time constraints, we have not been able to generate our own digital blossom, which is currently presented as gif playback. So for visualization to grow out of this project, we first want to leverage the visualizations we've already created, or we can create a platform for you to contribute and showcase your unique personal visualizations. 


Future Outreach 
And while we are currently only designing around the staircase, there are many areas in the lobby that deserve to be redefined and transformed. This week we also had the pleasure of getting in touch with Mr. Andrew Repoli, NYU's Director, Global Facilities & Construction Management (AR) for an interview. During this interview, we learned a lot about the building's historical background and some of its amazing sustainable designs, which unfortunately most people do not know. So first, we hope to add interactive displays and headsets to the lobby in the future. This interesting knowledge can be played on the screen when someone is wearing a headset. We believe this will be a meaningful design. According to Mr. Repoli, the building is designed and operated efficiently in terms of refrigeration, so our sustainable prompts can be extended to this area in the future. In addition, we hope to emphasize the existence of Clive Davis gallery in the lobby and give it the opportunity to become a landmark of Jaystreet. Finally, with regard to the existing digital wall in the lobby, we are also very interested in the idea of an audio visual and interactive building directory, hoping to display the characteristics of different specialties and floors through different interactive ways and modules. Thus, the interaction projection can be used in several directions, especially the exit part. If it could show current weather conditions, subways and other useful information, it would be very intimate and convenient for everyone. Would it also save energy if fewer actions and less network data were used? In addition, we will continue to iterate on the display screens we've designed for the empty walls behind the elevators to show you exactly what's going on inside the building. 

PHASE VI
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